building steel structure transformation and upgrading of the bottleneckAt present, China's steel production has reached 568 million tons, and steel structure steel quantity only 4%, lower than the world average of 10% in developed countries, further below 30% of the United States and Japan. The development of steel structure in our country at present is in the growth period, the concentration is still far from enough, industrial chain is not complete, if you want to build a world-class brand, still need to in the marketing, system, etc, to speed up the transformation development mode transformation and upgrade. Therefore, steel structure building rapid development must solve some problems.
Enterprise qualification question
Steel structure building enterprise should have total package qualification original qualification standard, only the registered capital to achieve a certain amount, but to the project manager, engineering and technical personnel and engineering performance not specified, cause a lot of civil construction company to give priority to the steel structure is much easier to get additional qualifications. The company basically no into scale manufacturing base and a sufficient number ofsteel structure engineeringTechnical personnel, and received task, tend to subletsteel structure supplier, some project manager in order to reduce the cost, and even sublet no qualification of steel structure of small, caused the quality hidden trouble. Some people think that the few steel plate welding together form components, and then put them as the building blocks as together, can make money, in the end of the 19th century, a heavy snow was crushed by tens of thousands of square meters of light steel structure workshop , it is because do not pay attention to scientific and regulations, do no card design and unlicensed construction, caused the loss of life and property. At present, many civil company certain steel structure of the various advantages, have built their own steel structure base, and the introduction of the steel structure talents. Even so, steel structure building industry threshold low status, have not fundamentally solve.
At present,steel structure supplierOnly have the steel structure specialized contracting qualification, a lot of steel structure engineering, must give priority to the construction general contracting company, even if the project is based on only reinforced concrete, also want to by the civil company control. Sometimes there will be a largesteel structure supplierTo a low level civil engineering company working phenomenon, it is extremely unreasonable, it brings a lot of negative consequences.
Capital, schedule, quality, time limit for a project general all by the total package control, the steel structure enterprise very passive. Civil enterprise don't understand steel structure so as to catch progress, is often happened because of the support system is not installed the domino type collapse accident. Steel structure production efficiency is higher, there should be a higher profits, but now the steel structure has become like civil as micro profit industry, profit rate less than 5%, can only rely on amount of growth to development, which is not sustainable.
The author thinks that, to give priority to the steel structure engineering, steel structure building enterprise should have total package qualification, some places in part adopted this suggestion. In 2008, in the new qualification standard also mentioned the level of qualificationsteel structure supplierSecondary civil company can contractsteel structure engineering, can the contracting, the author hope this problem can be solved as soon as possible.
Industry regulatory issues
High efficiency should be unified at present, steel structure in the process of construction project, as part of the construction, to the competent administrative department of construction management, safety and quality, qualification evaluation, personnel training, tax management into civil series, and the local and use them as manufacturing enterprise, also want to statistics, pay taxes, the bureau of technical supervision supervision as well as manufacturing products for inspection. This is caused by the unclear ownership, bull management, bull charge, the steel structure enterprise at loose ends, burden.
Start from the bidding, a lot of steel structure enterprise must and civil company bound together, limiting the steel structure enterprise's subjective initiative. Bidding for enterprise qualification have set conditions, also along with the owner of the different change, from the point of view of housing and rural construction, steel structure for specialized contracting grade a qualification for the highest level, due to the steel structure enterprise member production manufacturing characteristics, therefore, China steel association and introduced a manufacturing level, with premium quality, so there are two qualification both two sides, a lot of enterprises have to cope with. The design of steel structure than concrete structure more accurate, quantities of discrete sex more small, the price change is not big, with the lowest bid often caused demand competition, resulting in reducedsteel structure engineeringQuality, and even to produce and who Optimization and throughout To reduce the problem of safety stock. Steel structure should be more outstanding technical content, should pay attention to high quality cheap, promote the industry to improve, to maintain their profit margins, and should not in civil engineering, make a small profit industry.
rofessional problem
Should be to cultivate inter-disciplinary talent, the steel structure into civil system, due to the steel structure and civil have bigger difference, the qualification assessment and personnel training and steel structure disrupted, cause training out personnel can not adapt to the corresponding work, also can not adapt to the project managersteel structure engineeringManagement. Mechanical professional project manager is difficult to obtain qualification of construction level, even if it's diploma and engaged in steel structure engineer, because do not familiar with civil engineering professional work, also it is difficult to obtain level qualification of construction, to the industry talent reserve and development has brought great obstacles.
Steel structure enterprise main technical staff consists of two parts, one is the transformation of the former enterprise's technical staff, are mostly machinery professionals; The second is from outside into the technical staff, majority is diploma, also have mechanical major. Outside the majority is fresh college graduates, also have many from design institute, civil company and in the mechanical factory work has certain ability of technical personnel. Because of construction steel structure is a new industry, which is different from the original machinery factory production machinery steel structure, such as boiler, steam turbine frame and so on, also different from the traditional civil industry, so steel structure enterprise compared with simple factory or construction company more special, more difficult to management, also more risk. Only from the mechanical profession or diploma graduates in steel structure industry, at the beginning can quickly adapt to the steel structure of the technical work, still need to pass a long time running in and then study, can work well. Civil engineering professional personnel lack of manufacturing process knowledge, don't understand welding, make refining diagram is not in conformity with the technical requirements, and machinery specialized personnel is the lack of building construction and construction mechanics basic knowledge, although the component parts to clear, but for the whole assembly form construction lack of understanding. If can be in institutions of higher learning directly cultivate these two aspects combined with very good people, will be solved step by step steel structure professional talent shortage.
In short, restrict steel structure industry development fast track to some problems, the main or steel structure in construction area or industry is not a separate categories, should also get the attention of the relevant departments of the government and the policy support:
First, should be clear about steel structure belongs to the construction, the competent administrative department of housing and urban and rural areas is the ministry of construction.
Second, steel structure construction as an independent category, should carry out the industrial statistics, industry training, industry planning and qualification assessment, including registered construction division and related construction crew, quality engineer and librarian, safety officer, materials, electric welder, etc.
Third, in colleges and universities should set up professional steel structure, develop appropriate YuZaiGang structure enterprise work applied talents.
Fourth, the unified tax, take is beneficial to the development of steel construction industry preferential policy.
Fifth, steel structure enterprise in steel structure engineering is a total package qualification for steel structure enterprise culture and conveying the corresponding management personnel and technical personnel.
Sixth, as far as possible the consent of the party awarding the contractsteel structure engineeringA single, the steel structure enterprise for bidding.
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