Steel structure stand backbone of China to the worldAs world war ii economic rise, especially the economic giant iron and steel industry development, formationThe steel structureIndustry base. Post-war industrial and civilian usebuildingDemand, make steel structure industry supported by reality. Steel structure industry before the reform and opening up, China has been affiliated with big construction industry, is not as an independent industry. After the reform and opening up, steel structure and steel structure industry has great development, the steel structure as an independent industry rapid turnaround in China, and continue to grow stronger. After entering the new century, China's steel structure building and the construction technology has got unprecedented development, become the world's steel structure is strong.
Steel structure development in our country can be divided into four stages: early stage (the 1950 s and 60 s), low stage (the 1960 s to 70 s), developing stage (the 90 s and 1980 s) and prosperous stage (2000-2000).
New China in 1949, the newly established his devastated when steel output is very low, only 1.35 million tons per year (now more than 600 million tons). Steel structure construction only depend on economic and technical assistance of the Soviet union, the Soviet union built 156 heavy industrial plants, including metallurgy, heavy machinery, aircraft, automotive and other industrial, such as anshan steel, wuhan steel, dalian shipyard, Harbin aircraft manufacturing plant and so on. Was sent to a large number of Soviet expert guidance work. At the same time also in Beijing, shenyang, east China, south China, central south, southwest, northwest and other places set up six industrial design institute, in Beijing, wuhan, anshan, chongqing, baotou, Shanghai set up 6 steel design institute, successively set up 22 metallurgical ministry of constructionThe doorSteel structure manufacture and installation company, etc. Just a few short years a lot of steel structure construction industryworkshop(steel column, steel roof truss and the crane beam), cultivate a large number of talents in design, manufacture, installation, laid a solid foundation for future development. At that time, the civil buildingsteel structure engineeringNot much, in particular: 1954 Beijing gymnasium (57 meters across two hinged arch landing), 1954, chongqing people's hall (40.6 m rib steel ring dome), 1956, tianjin gymnasium (50 metres square steel mesh shell cylindrical al), 1959 ten thousand people's congress hall in Beijing (60.9 meters large steel truss), etc. The newborn s, China's steel structure industry as the national construction at the same time also developed, although difficult, external help is limited, but relying on our own efforts, still a lot of achievements, the period of the construction of the famous building many are still work in the country plays an important role in the life.
The 70 s to 1960 s,steelDemand increases, but the steel production is still not much, only 20 million tons per year, countries put forward the policy of saving steel, some one-sided understanding of no steel structure at the time, thensteel structure engineeringThe quantity is less. During the cultural revolution but also all stopped. But temporarily slowing down does not mean to become sclerotic and directionless-the fiefs, this period by experts and engineering technical personnel's active efforts, finally to use 1955 "specification for the steel structure for many years with independent writing 1974 version of the" standard of steel structure "instead. At the same time, also built some of the largersteel structure engineering. In advocate saving steel at the same time, countries and put forward to cancel the beams, pillars, deep fat fat based approach, so there was a group of cold bending thin-wall steel engineering, such as Shanghai, shaoguan, guilin, shiyan, built the hundreds of thousands of square metersworkshop, warehouse, etc. Due to save policies, steel plate rack project has popularization and application, especially successful research welded hollow spherical node, small and medium span across the country are welding ball node plate rack everywhere, at the same time, steel bolt ball node network frame structure is introduced.
The 90 s and 1980 s, with the deepening of reform and opening up, the national construction boom, this should say is 20 years steel structure for the development of thriving, due to the steel structure have some unique advantages, gradually for the popularization and application to construction projects. Especially the country's steel output continues to rise, in 1997 reached 100 million tons, have created favorable conditions to the development of steel structure. In 1998 our country has been able to rolling h-beam production, for the steel structure provides a new type steel series.
This period of timesteel structure engineeringIn the following aspects:
Single-layer workshop frame structure. The larger steel, seamless steel pipe, thermal power plant, etc. Its characteristic has a large area (200000 square miles), column height (50 meters), column spacing (48 meters), even across multiple across (8), large crane lifting weight (450 tons), etc. But maintenance structure light, use the color coating or steel sheetAluminum alloyressure plate. Parts factory has used flat space truss roof, steel pipeconcreteThe column.
The spatial structure. Flat space truss has been widely used large stadium, exhibition center, shopping mall, airport, station, warehouse, factory, etc. Most of the 1990 Asian games venues have adopted welded hollow spherical nodes flat rack. Libraries in the capital Beijing, 1996 (153 m + 153 m and 90 m deep), four pyramid three layer network frame welding ball node. That same year, hangar taeco (150 m & times; 70 m), using unbonded prestressed sola lever arch at the gate.
Using net shell projects: 1994, tianjin gymnasium (D = 108 m) use double layer spherical reticulated shell; Changchun stadium in 1997 (191.8 m) 146 meters & times; using double side steel pipe network shell, 1995 heilongjiang HuaBingGuan (86.2 m & times; 191.2 m) use a central hemisphere shell on both ends of the cylindrical reticulated shell. 1995 sichuan panzhihua gymnasium adopt eight side petal type double-layer reticulated shell, span of 60 meters, several times with prestress. This is the first time at home several times with prestressed concrete engineering. Was built in 1998 the Shanghai international gymnastic center the main hall, adopt aluminum alloy spherical reticulated shell, 68 meters in diameter. Network frame and net shell has a corresponding design procedures.
Cable structure development is slow, only a handful of engineering use. Such as shandong zibo stadium (54 meters), anhui stadium (53 m & times; 72 m), wuxi stadium (43 meters) 40 meters & times; and jilin BingQiuGuan adopting different cable network system. Cable-stayed structure is used as cable roof rack or reticulated shell of additional support, through the establishment of prestressed tensioning cables, such as the comprehensive gymnasium was built in 1989 Asian games (70 m & times; 83.2 m), swimming pool (78 meters) 78 meters & times; and so on.
Space structure and the arch,steel frameOf the hybrid system is developed. (such as the Asian games in Beijing shijingshan gymnasium is a triangle, the length 99.7 meters) and Beijing chaoyang stadium (60 m & times; 78 m), sichuan stadium (73.7 m & times; 79.4 m), Qingdao gymnasium (72 m & times; 87 m), etc., is a hybrid structural system.
Membrane and the membrane structure in the late 1990 s to get certain development, is still in the continually expanding application, is very promising. Such as 80000 stadium grandstand built in Shanghai in 1998, Shanghai hongkou stadium in new economic development zone, wuhan, Qingdao and qienouji stadium gymnasium and changsha & other; The Windows of the world & throughout; Theatre, etc., are the relatively large size of cable membrane structures.
High-rise building steel structure started late, but development achievements for attention. First for the 1987 shenzhen development center mansion, 165 meters, then the jingguang center 208 meters, 325 meters in 1996 in shenzhen diwang building, Shanghai jinmao tower, 420 meters in 1999 built in recent years, the Shanghai world financial center is the highest, 460 meters in the contemporary.
Light steel structure is developing very fast, especially the door typesteel frame, such as industrial workshop, warehouse, cold storage, greenhouse, hotels, villas and so on to get a large number of applications. Another kind of corrugated arch roof, because of light weight, fast construction, 30 meters in many applied in warehouse, processing plants and other steel structure, has completed hundreds of millions of square meters. lightSteel structure housingAlso, shows the broad prospects for development.
During this period, the expert inside course of study revised the 1974 edition of "standard of steel structure", to switch to 1988 "standard of steel structure".
Entering the new century, in nearly 10 yearssteel structure engineeringDevelopment rapidly, the range of, is unprecedented, the country has the world's steel structure in our country. Steel output was 400 million tons in 2006, the highest in the world, this also for the developmentsteel structure engineeringHave created favorable conditions. Traditional space structure such as grids, net shell, continue to be promoted, new space structure began to widely used, such as Zhang Xianliang, chord truss string and dome, etc. Shanghai pudong airport, Harbin exhibition center, Shanghai exhibition center, guangdong exhibition center, etc are more than 100 m copies string truss, it is also rare in the world. Guangdong baiyun airport and the three leaves of guangdong stadium are adopted advanced space steel structure at the time. Especially a few more games, the expo venues big using space steel structure, such as: new 37 of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games venues, 2009 national games in shandong jinan venues, 2010 Shanghai world expo and guangzhou Asian games venues, 2011 shenzhen universiade venues and so on. It is worth mentioning that Beijing 2008 Olympic Games of the new 12 buildings, one axis and four pavilions of expo 2010 Shanghai on behalf of all the advanced technical level of our country's steel structure.
Shandong jinan 2009 national games main stadium, gymnasium, swimming pool and tennis center, the whole buildings adopt & other; Throughout east Netherlands XiLiu &; Building modelling, reflect the local characteristics of jinan, should be particularly noted that the gym adopted the 122 - meter diameter chord dome, is currently the country and the world the biggest span steel string a dome structure.
The Shanghai world expo venue is spectacular. One of one axis and four pavilions (i.e. the expo axis, China pavilion, the expo center, theme pavilions, performing arts center) permanent buildings are very distinctive.
Besides sports venues and the expo venues, completed the Shanghai world financial center, the new terminal building of Beijing capital international airport, the Beijing south railway station, national centre for the performing arts, China central television (CCTV) new sites, wuhan railway station, Beijing new poly plaza, zhengzhou international conference and exhibition center, a large number of iconic steel structure building.
During the construction of these features, not only created a number of first-class steel structure manufacture, install new technology at home and abroad, also emerged a large number of advanced steel structure enterprise at the same time, the steel structure industry for the future development is very favorable.
During this period due to policy support, engineering and technical personnel, the construction of the pilot project, the publication of the technical specification, make steel structure has had the requirement of further development.
During this period, 1988 edition of the "specification for steel structure was 2003" standard of steel structure "instead. At present, the 2003 edition of the "specification for steel structure was revised, updated version of the" norm of steel structure "in two years to come!
From the above description can envision steel structure development vision, even though the current financial crisis influence all aspects of the work, but the country's policy, it must be able to turn crisis into opportunities, to meet a better future. & other; 11th five-year plan & throughout; Planning, the ministry of railways plans to build 548 station in 548, the civil aviation administration is also investing heavily in plans to build 175 large airport terminal, all over the country provinces and cities also have vigorously construction of sports venues and conference and exhibition center planning. The policies of the government makes a man, make us more confident to the steel structure development. In short, as China's steel industry continued to develop; As the world construction industry new technical application and popularization of the new structure; As the new type of lightweight, low carbon energy saving building materials etc. The development of new materials; As the growth of the emerging industrial buildings, and other requirements, as well as the steel structure industry or enterprise product research and development, for the improvement of design skills, personnel growth, China's steel industry and enterprise will have a greater development.
In September 2010, & other; Influence the world & ndash; & ndash; Steel structure throughout China brand 2010 international summit &; Will be held in Shanghai, the summit, both at home and abroad well-known steel structure, government officials, developers, purchasers of high-end dialogue, is a brand for the first time in international steel structure China review, China steel structure with brand image stand China back to the world, also indicates the important position in the world steel structure industry of China!
Jiangxi Light steel structure through the acceptance of the museum of natural science subjectOn December 7
http://jingtasteel.blogspot.com/2013/03/jiangxi-light-steel-structure-through.html
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